Behind The Scoop. Clean Ingredients. Real Results.
P4 is committed to becoming a leader in the sport and health supplement industry by offering not only high-performance, results-driven products but also an evolving educational platform. We believe that achieving peak performance requires both the right supplementation and the right knowledge, which is why we empower our community with the information they need to optimize their health and well-being safely. Transparency is at the core of our values, we break down every ingredient and formulation, ensuring our customers understand the science behind our supplements and can make informed choices in their pursuit of excellence. See below our current pre-workout ingredients!
Pre-workout Ingredients
Caffeine
Why Caffeine?
Caffeine is the most researched and effective performance-enhancing ingredient in the world. Whether you're hitting heavy lifts or powering through cardio, caffeine is essential to improve energy, focus and endurance (Bilondi et al., 2024 & Lorenzo-Calvo et al., 2021). Research recently shows higher doses of caffeine improve exercise performance the most (Chen et al., 2024) which is why we delivered a strong dose to our formula.
Beta-Alanine
Why Beta-Alanine?
Beta-Alanine is a naturally occurring amino acid which may help delay fatigue and improve performance during exercise. When you ingest beta-alanine, it combines with an amino acid called histidine, together forming carnosine, which decreases acid buildup (from hydrogen ions), allowing your muscles to combat the burning sensation during exercise. A 2012 review found B-alanine has an average improvement of 2.85% of an exercise measure (Hobson et al., 2012). More recent reviews show high-intensity exercise in trained young males improves significantly after beta-alanine supplementation (Georgiou et al., 2024). We've included a sweet spot dosage in our formula to deliver noticeable improvements in performance.
Taurine
Why Taurine?
Taurine is an amino acid found in high concentrations in oxidative tissues, such as muscle. Studies show taurine and caffeine have similar effects when taken separately, although taking these two supplements together is significantly more beneficial (Ozan et al., 2022). Taurine improves cardiovascular, mitochondrial and skeletal muscle function, with evidence that one to three grams, around one hour prior to exercise is optimal (Kurtz et al., 2021 & Chen et al., 2021). Most importantly, it appears to be very useful for prolonged, high intensity exercise (Chen et al., 2021).
Beetroot Powder
Why Beetroot Powder?
Beetroot, since 2013, has had multiple reviews demonstrating its ability to increase nitrous oxide in the body. Beetroot juice has high levels of inorganic nitrate. Nitrate converts to nitrite in the mouth via nitrate reductase enzymes from anaerobic bacteria. Soon after in the stomach, nitrite converts to nitrous acid and then nitrous oxides. Supplementation of beetroot juice has shown to improve exercise performance better with higher intensity exercises and may have a better effect chronically (Dominguez et al., 2017 & Poon et al., 2025). The mechanism by which beetroot achieves this is via its increase in homogenous distribution of oxygen via nitrous oxide induced vasodilation, lower lactate levels, increased cellular transmission and resynthesis of phosphocreatine. Furthermore, it may improve power output (Bailey et al., 2009).
Nitrosigine
Why Nitrosigine?
This ingredient is also known as Inositol Stabilized Arginine-Silicate, which is basically a more bioavailable version of Arginine! Arginine is an amino acid essential for creating nitric oxide in our body. Studies have found healthy volunteers have lower muscle damage markers and blood pressure as well as improved energy, memory and cognition when supplementing with nitrosigine. (Kalman et al., 2016, Rood-Ojalvo et al., 2015, Rogers et al., 2020 & Gills et al., 2021). Nitrosigine is a staple in our advanced pre-workout formula, being a pump-enhancing ingredient more potent then citrulline or arginine.
MORE INGREDIENTS PENDING
Pre-workout Ingredients: Reference List
Bailey, S. J., Winyard, P., Vanhatalo, A., Blackwell, J. R., Dimenna, F. J., Wilkerson, D. P., Tarr, J., Benjamin, N., & Jones, A. M. (2009). Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 107(4), 1144–1155. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009
Bilondi, H. T., Valipour, H., Khoshro, S., Jamilian, P., Ostadrahimi, A., & Zarezadeh, M. (2024). The effect of caffeine supplementation on muscular strength and endurance: A meta-analysis of meta-analyses. Heliyon, 10(15), e35025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024
Chen, B., Ding, L., Qin, Q., Lei, T. H., Girard, O., & Cao, Y. (2024). Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performance in cyclists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 21(1), 2363789. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2024.2363789
Domínguez, R., Cuenca, E., Maté-Muñoz, J. L., García-Fernández, P., Serra-Paya, N., Estevan, M. C., Herreros, P. V., & Garnacho-Castaño, M. V. (2017). Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Athletes. A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 9(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010043
Georgiou, G. D., Antoniou, K., Antoniou, S., Michelekaki, E. A., Zare, R., Ali Redha, A., Prokopidis, K., Christodoulides, E., & Clifford, T. (2024). Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Maximal Intensity Exercise in Trained Young Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 34(6), 397–412. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0027
Gills, J. L., Campitelli, A., Jones, M., Paulson, S., Myers, J. R., Madero, E. N., Glenn, J. M., Komorowski, J., & Gray, M. (2021). Acute Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate Improves Cognitive Outcomes in Healthy Adults. Nutrients, 13(12), 4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124272
Hobson, R. M., Saunders, B., Ball, G., Harris, R. C., & Sale, C. (2012). Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis. Amino acids, 43(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-1200-z
Kalman, D., Harvey, P. D., Perez Ojalvo, S., & Komorowski, J. (2016). Randomized Prospective Double-Blind Studies to Evaluate the Cognitive Effects of Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate in Healthy Physically Active Adults. Nutrients, 8(11), 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110736
Lorenzo Calvo, J., Fei, X., Domínguez, R., & Pareja-Galeano, H. (2021). Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 13(3), 868. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030868
Poon, E. T., Iu, J. C., Sum, W. M., Wong, P. S., Lo, K. K., Ali, A., Burns, S. F., & Trexler, E. T. (2025). Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance: An Umbrella Review of 20 Published Systematic Reviews with Meta-analyses. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 10.1007/s40279-025-02194-6. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02194-6
Rogers, J. M., Gills, J., & Gray, M. (2020). Acute effects of Nitrosigine® and citrulline malate on vasodilation in young adults. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00343-y
Rood-Ojalvo, S., Sandler, D., Veledar, E., & Komorowski, J. (2015). The benefits of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate as a workout ingredient. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(Suppl 1), P14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-12-S1-P14